Monday, November 29, 2010
One Marshmallow or Two?
This video is a demonstration of delayed gratification in children. Each child is given one marshmallow and told that if the marshmallow is still there when the experimenter returns then she/he will receive another marshmallow. The children who waited ended up being more successful later in life and were more focused as shown by the follow up study years later. The children who ate the first marshmallow were described as more impulsive and less focused in the study years later. The good thing about this is that even if a child eats the first marshmallow they aren’t doomed to the fate of only doing immediate gratification. It is possible for parents to enforce techniques to help their children learn the benefits of delayed gratification.
Happy Birthday! (Cont...)
The rest of the cognitive lab...
“Study 2 as conducted by Kesebir and Oishi had students first right down the names of ten of their friends. After that they were given another sheet of paper and told to write down the birthdays they could remember out of the friends they had written down if they thought they were reasonable accurate. In the last stage of the study, the participants were asked to look up their friends’ birthdays on their Facebook or MySpace accounts or their own personal computers to obtain the birthdays that they could not remember. Participants also wrote down their own birthdays like Study 1, and explicitly priming was controlled because participants were not asked for their birthday until the end. Study 2 as conducted in the Cognitive Psychology class was very similar. We were asked to take out a sheet of paper and write down the names of ten friends, then we were asked to write down their birthdays, and we took the sheets home to use our Facebook accounts to check on the birthdays. Then we wrote down our birthdays and returned the sheets to the instructor.
The studies are comparable in the procedure and in the results; see Figure 2. Females recalled more birthdays than males and both groups showed birthdays remembered were closer to their own. Because our Cognitive Psychology class has very few people compared to the Kesebir and Oishi study, there was no significance in the class study. Overall the results replicate the Study 1 results that people remember birthdays of others that are closer to their own, compared to people who have farther away birthdays. Study 2 eliminated some of the limitations of Study 1 because it showed that it wasn’t just the recall based on instructions or that participants just tend to have friends with close birthdays because they had friends listed with birthdays far away from their birthdays.”
“Study 2 as conducted by Kesebir and Oishi had students first right down the names of ten of their friends. After that they were given another sheet of paper and told to write down the birthdays they could remember out of the friends they had written down if they thought they were reasonable accurate. In the last stage of the study, the participants were asked to look up their friends’ birthdays on their Facebook or MySpace accounts or their own personal computers to obtain the birthdays that they could not remember. Participants also wrote down their own birthdays like Study 1, and explicitly priming was controlled because participants were not asked for their birthday until the end. Study 2 as conducted in the Cognitive Psychology class was very similar. We were asked to take out a sheet of paper and write down the names of ten friends, then we were asked to write down their birthdays, and we took the sheets home to use our Facebook accounts to check on the birthdays. Then we wrote down our birthdays and returned the sheets to the instructor.
The studies are comparable in the procedure and in the results; see Figure 2. Females recalled more birthdays than males and both groups showed birthdays remembered were closer to their own. Because our Cognitive Psychology class has very few people compared to the Kesebir and Oishi study, there was no significance in the class study. Overall the results replicate the Study 1 results that people remember birthdays of others that are closer to their own, compared to people who have farther away birthdays. Study 2 eliminated some of the limitations of Study 1 because it showed that it wasn’t just the recall based on instructions or that participants just tend to have friends with close birthdays because they had friends listed with birthdays far away from their birthdays.”
Happy Birthday?!
The next couple posts get a little more technical to show a comparison of a study done by psychologists and how it was replicated for learning purposes in the classroom. This is a cognitive psychology lab short paper (minus the graphs) that I completed.
“The purpose of the Kesebir and Oishi study was to show how the self-reference effect relates to remembering peoples birthdays. They hypothesized that because birthdays are very close to the self, participants would be most likely to remember birthdays that are close to the participants. The self-reference effect is when memories are processed with relation to the self and are better remembered. Using birthdays that are personal to the individual participant allowed for the investigation of a naturalistic case of the self reference effect occurring outside of the laboratory. For the “Happy Birthday” cog-lab Kesebir and Oishi’s first study was replicated in an Educational Psychology course and the second study was replicated in our Cognitive Psychology course.
Study 1 as conducted by Kesebir and Oishi had students in an online study free recall the birthdays of up to 10 friends only if they could be reasonably sure of the date. After entering their friends’ birthdays, they were then instructed on a new screen to enter their own birthday. The experimenters ensured that participants were not explicitly primed by asking for the participants’ birthday after they had already given the dates of their friends’ birthdays. Study 1 as conducted in the Educational Psychology Course had students to list up to 10 friends that they knew the exact birthday of. They were also instructed to list their birthday. Papers were then collected to be recorded by the instructor.
These studies are similar in the basic instructions and the results; see Figure 1. In every category the results are very similar such as females remembering more birthdays than males, which the article suggests is because females are more often concerned with interpersonal relationships, and that males remember birthdays closer to theirs more than females showing a stronger self-reference effect. Both studies suggest significance in the self-reference affect to remembering birthdays closer to one’s own.” One difference between the studies is that one was online based while the other was in class.”
To be continued....
“The purpose of the Kesebir and Oishi study was to show how the self-reference effect relates to remembering peoples birthdays. They hypothesized that because birthdays are very close to the self, participants would be most likely to remember birthdays that are close to the participants. The self-reference effect is when memories are processed with relation to the self and are better remembered. Using birthdays that are personal to the individual participant allowed for the investigation of a naturalistic case of the self reference effect occurring outside of the laboratory. For the “Happy Birthday” cog-lab Kesebir and Oishi’s first study was replicated in an Educational Psychology course and the second study was replicated in our Cognitive Psychology course.
Study 1 as conducted by Kesebir and Oishi had students in an online study free recall the birthdays of up to 10 friends only if they could be reasonably sure of the date. After entering their friends’ birthdays, they were then instructed on a new screen to enter their own birthday. The experimenters ensured that participants were not explicitly primed by asking for the participants’ birthday after they had already given the dates of their friends’ birthdays. Study 1 as conducted in the Educational Psychology Course had students to list up to 10 friends that they knew the exact birthday of. They were also instructed to list their birthday. Papers were then collected to be recorded by the instructor.
These studies are similar in the basic instructions and the results; see Figure 1. In every category the results are very similar such as females remembering more birthdays than males, which the article suggests is because females are more often concerned with interpersonal relationships, and that males remember birthdays closer to theirs more than females showing a stronger self-reference effect. Both studies suggest significance in the self-reference affect to remembering birthdays closer to one’s own.” One difference between the studies is that one was online based while the other was in class.”
To be continued....
Experimental Humor :)
To lighten up the posts with some humor....
"A very shy guy goes into a bar and sees a beautiful woman sitting at the bar. After an hour of gathering up his courage, he finally goes over to her and asks, tentatively, "Um, would you mind if I chatted with you for a while?"
She responds by yelling, at the top of her lungs, "NO! I won't sleep with you tonight!" Everyone in the bar is now staring at them. Naturally, the guy is hopelessly and completely embarrassed and he slinks back to his table.
After a few minutes, the woman walks over to him and apologizes. She smiles at him and says, "I'm sorry if I embarrassed you. You see, I'm a graduate student in psychology, and I'm studying how people respond to embarrassing situations."
To which he responds, at the top of his lungs, "What do you mean $200?!"
http://www.funnyhumor.com/jokes/996.php
"A very shy guy goes into a bar and sees a beautiful woman sitting at the bar. After an hour of gathering up his courage, he finally goes over to her and asks, tentatively, "Um, would you mind if I chatted with you for a while?"
She responds by yelling, at the top of her lungs, "NO! I won't sleep with you tonight!" Everyone in the bar is now staring at them. Naturally, the guy is hopelessly and completely embarrassed and he slinks back to his table.
After a few minutes, the woman walks over to him and apologizes. She smiles at him and says, "I'm sorry if I embarrassed you. You see, I'm a graduate student in psychology, and I'm studying how people respond to embarrassing situations."
http://www.funnyhumor.com/jokes/996.php
Psychology Takes Flight
Human Factors in Aviation (Out of a Training video)
This video explains the theory behind Human Factors in Aviation. This relates to psychology research because there is research behind decisions made to reduce human error caused by confusing designs. Airplanes and flight have always been fascinating to me so this is interesting because it shows how even two interests (Psychology and Aviation) can be linked together.
This video explains the theory behind Human Factors in Aviation. This relates to psychology research because there is research behind decisions made to reduce human error caused by confusing designs. Airplanes and flight have always been fascinating to me so this is interesting because it shows how even two interests (Psychology and Aviation) can be linked together.
Psychology Research Meets Engineering
“Human Factors Engineering is the discipline of applying what is known about human capabilities and limitations to the design of products, processes, systems, and work environments. It can be applied to the design of all systems having a human interface, including hardware and software. Its application to system design improves ease of use, system performance and reliability, and user satisfaction, while reducing operational errors, operator stress, training requirements, user fatigue, and product liability.”
http://reliability.sandia.gov/Human_Factor_Engineering/human_factor_engineering.html
I have an interest in the design of products based on how people think so this is an exciting field to me. With a growing interest in improving products by companies, it is growing career field. There are so many possibilities such as working on iPhone applications and aviation safety. A degree is no required to work in this field, but because it is so competitive, a degree and a masters would increase your chances of succeeding in this career field.
http://reliability.sandia.gov/Human_Factor_Engineering/human_factor_engineering.html
I have an interest in the design of products based on how people think so this is an exciting field to me. With a growing interest in improving products by companies, it is growing career field. There are so many possibilities such as working on iPhone applications and aviation safety. A degree is no required to work in this field, but because it is so competitive, a degree and a masters would increase your chances of succeeding in this career field.
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